0OPA.L0OPA.LLSE
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R&D Expense Growth Under PressureDecelerating
Percentile Rank0
Year-over-Year Change
Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
vs 5Y Ago
-22.7x
Contraction
Streak
3 yr
Consecutive declineDecelerating
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024 | -100.00% |
| 2023 | -4.55% |
| 2022 | 5.88% |
| 2021 | 23.03% |
| 2020 | -8.43% |
| 2019 | 4.40% |
| 2018 | 0.00% |
| 2017 | 4.61% |
| 2016 | -2.56% |
| 2015 | 12.23% |