EFR.TOEFR.TO
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R&D Expense Growth Trend
Above historical average.
Left:
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↑ 100% above average
Average (9y)
-0.48%
Historical baseline
Range
High:141.02%
Low:-100.00%
Volatility
-49759.1%
Relatively stable
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | 0.00% |
| 2022 | 0.00% |
| 2021 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | -100.00% |
| 2018 | 12.37% |
| 2017 | -58.23% |
| 2016 | 141.02% |
| 2015 | 0.00% |