EN.PAEN.PA
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R&D Expense Growth Under Pressure
Trending lower, above historical average.
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
7.04%
↑ 90% above average
Average (9y)
3.71%
Historical baseline
Range
High:53.66%
Low:-33.87%
CAGR
NaN%
Modest growth trend
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 7.04% |
| 2023 | 12.70% |
| 2022 | 53.66% |
| 2021 | -33.87% |
| 2020 | -1.59% |
| 2019 | -14.86% |
| 2018 | 2.78% |
| 2017 | 22.03% |
| 2016 | -1.67% |
| 2015 | -9.09% |