IPN.PAIPN.PA
LOADING
|||
R&D Expense Growth Under Pressure
Trending lower, below historical average, strong compound growth.
Left:
||||
Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
10.87%
↓ 25% below average
Average (9y)
14.42%
Historical baseline
Range
High:39.07%
Low:3.05%
CAGR
+15.2%
Consistent expansion
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 10.87% |
| 2023 | 39.07% |
| 2022 | 4.92% |
| 2021 | 4.64% |
| 2020 | 4.32% |
| 2019 | 28.70% |
| 2018 | 13.66% |
| 2017 | 14.92% |
| 2016 | 20.09% |
| 2015 | 3.05% |