TTKOM.ISTTKOM.IS
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R&D Expense Growth Under Pressure
Trending lower, below historical average, structural decline.
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
-9.71%
↓ 117% below average
Average (9y)
56.96%
Historical baseline
Range
High:326.37%
Low:-28.89%
CAGR
-11.4%
Structural decline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024 | -9.71% |
| 2023 | 326.37% |
| 2022 | 60.16% |
| 2021 | 10.81% |
| 2020 | 48.42% |
| 2019 | 12.66% |
| 2018 | 18.47% |
| 2017 | 32.95% |
| 2016 | 98.34% |
| 2015 | -28.89% |