VK.PAVK.PAPAR
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R&D Expense Growth TrendStable
Percentile Rank64
Year-over-Year Change
Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↑ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P64
Within normal range
Streak
1 yr
Consecutive growthStable
Average
-18.68%
Historical baseline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.00% |
| 2024 | -100.00% |
| 2023 | -21.18% |
| 2022 | 2.71% |
| 2021 | -7.46% |
| 2020 | -7.39% |
| 2019 | 0.04% |
| 2018 | -4.92% |
| 2017 | -22.41% |
| 2016 | -26.22% |