VOLV-A.STVOLV-A.ST
LOADING
|||
R&D Expense Growth Under Pressure
Trending lower, above historical average.
Left:
||||
Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
16.18%
↑ 130% above average
Average (9y)
7.02%
Historical baseline
Range
High:24.96%
Low:-9.39%
CAGR
NaN%
Modest growth trend
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 16.18% |
| 2023 | 18.29% |
| 2022 | 24.96% |
| 2021 | 7.32% |
| 2020 | -9.39% |
| 2019 | 16.60% |
| 2018 | -1.24% |
| 2017 | 10.03% |
| 2016 | -4.80% |
| 2015 | -7.73% |