023590.KS023590.KSKSC
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Research and development spending
Latest
$0.00
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
Streak
1 yr
Consecutive declineContracting
Average
$3.10B
Historical baseline
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2024 | $8.89B | - |
| 2023 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2022 | $9.09B | +124.4% |
| 2021 | $4.05B | +72.5% |
| 2020 | $2.35B | -3.8% |
| 2019 | $2.44B | +7.1% |
| 2018 | $2.28B | +19.9% |
| 2017 | $1.90B | - |
| 2016 | $0.00 | - |