0ISM.L0ISM.LLSE
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Research and development spending
Latest
$0.00
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
Average
$3.90M
Historical baseline
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $0.00 | - |
| 2024 | $0.00 | - |
| 2023 | $0.00 | - |
| 2022 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2021 | $6.60M | +34.7% |
| 2020 | $4.90M | -15.5% |
| 2019 | $5.80M | -32.6% |
| 2018 | $8.60M | +32.3% |
| 2017 | $6.50M | -1.5% |
| 2016 | $6.60M | - |