0QZS.L0QZS.LLSE
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Research and development spending
Latest
$0.00
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
Average
$198.60M
Historical baseline
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $0.00 | - |
| 2024 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2023 | $273.00M | +23.0% |
| 2022 | $222.00M | +4.7% |
| 2021 | $212.00M | -5.4% |
| 2020 | $224.00M | -23.8% |
| 2019 | $294.00M | +6.9% |
| 2018 | $275.00M | +13.2% |
| 2017 | $243.00M | 0.0% |
| 2016 | $243.00M | - |