0QZU.L0QZU.LLSE
Loading
Research and development spending
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $3.75B | +3.4% |
| 2024 | $3.63B | +14.8% |
| 2023 | $3.16B | +19.1% |
| 2022 | $2.66B | -13.0% |
| 2021 | $3.05B | +66.8% |
| 2020 | $1.83B | +4.3% |
| 2019 | $1.75B | +23.9% |
| 2018 | $1.42B | +6.9% |
| 2017 | $1.32B | +26.4% |
| 2016 | $1.05B | - |