AP-UN.TOAP-UN.TOTSX
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↑ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P36
Within normal range
Average
-15.34%
Historical baseline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.00% |
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | -100.00% |
| 2022 | -51.22% |
| 2021 | -21.93% |
| 2020 | -25.69% |
| 2019 | -2.61% |
| 2018 | 45.50% |
| 2017 | 2.60% |
| 2016 | 0.00% |