CTA-PACTA-PANYSE
Loading
Research and development spending
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $1.47B | +5.1% |
| 2024 | $1.40B | +4.9% |
| 2023 | $1.34B | +10.0% |
| 2022 | $1.22B | +2.4% |
| 2021 | $1.19B | +3.9% |
| 2020 | $1.14B | -0.4% |
| 2019 | $1.15B | -19.9% |
| 2018 | $1.43B | -5.1% |
| 2017 | $1.51B | +0.1% |
| 2016 | $1.51B | - |