D-UN.TOD-UN.TOTSX
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↑ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P29
Within normal range
Average
-8.71%
Historical baseline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.00% |
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | -100.00% |
| 2022 | -92.92% |
| 2021 | -48.00% |
| 2020 | 117.31% |
| 2019 | -29.35% |
| 2018 | 65.84% |
| 2017 | 0.00% |
| 2016 | 0.00% |