DCAL.NSDCAL.NSNSE
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Research and development spending
Latest
$0.00
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
Streak
1 yr
Consecutive declineContracting
Average
$79.23M
Historical baseline
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2024 | $129.80M | - |
| 2023 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2022 | $139.00M | +113.8% |
| 2021 | $65.00M | -69.8% |
| 2020 | $215.50M | +56.5% |
| 2019 | $137.70M | +162.8% |
| 2018 | $52.40M | -0.9% |
| 2017 | $52.90M | - |
| 2016 | $0.00 | - |