DIR-UN.TODIR-UN.TOTSX
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P23
Within normal range
Average
154.72%
Historical baseline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.00% |
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | -100.00% |
| 2022 | -9.36% |
| 2021 | 128.21% |
| 2020 | -4.50% |
| 2019 | 5.19% |
| 2018 | 344.89% |
| 2017 | 1182.75% |
| 2016 | 0.00% |