Linde is the world's largest industrial gas supplier, formed from the 2018 Praxair-Linde merger, operating 1,000+ air separation units and hydrogen plants across the Americas (40% revenue), EMEA (35%), and APAC (25%). The company produces atmospheric gases (oxygen, nitrogen, argon) and process gases (hydrogen, CO2, helium) for steel, chemicals, electronics, healthcare, and energy transition applications. Competitive moats include high-density pipeline networks, long-term take-or-pay contracts (70%+ of sales), and $5B+ annual capex creating switching costs.
Basic MaterialsIndustrial Gasesmoderate - ASU facilities have high fixed costs (depreciation, maintenance) but power represents 40-50% of production cost and scales with volume. Density improvements in merchant networks and utilization gains in on-site assets drive margin expansion, but energy pass-throughs in contracts limit downside protection during demand weakness.