MF.PAMF.PAPAR
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↑ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P36
Within normal range
Average
-9.92%
Historical baseline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.00% |
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | 0.00% |
| 2022 | -100.00% |
| 2021 | 49.32% |
| 2020 | -54.66% |
| 2019 | 1.90% |
| 2018 | -23.67% |
| 2017 | 6.70% |
| 2016 | 21.25% |