NDRBFNDRBFOTC
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Research and development spending
Latest
$0.00
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
Average
$645.40M
Historical baseline
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $0.00 | - |
| 2024 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2023 | $1.32B | +19.8% |
| 2022 | $1.10B | +22.5% |
| 2021 | $899.00M | +3.6% |
| 2020 | $868.00M | +17.0% |
| 2019 | $742.00M | +20.8% |
| 2018 | $614.00M | +22.3% |
| 2017 | $502.00M | +22.7% |
| 2016 | $409.00M | - |