PANACHE.NSPANACHE.NS
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R&D Expense Growth Trend
Above historical average.
Left:
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
165.68%
↑ 144% above average
Average (9y)
67.79%
Historical baseline
Range
High:809.24%
Low:-100.00%
Volatility
1341.2%
High variability
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 165.68% |
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | 0.00% |
| 2022 | -100.00% |
| 2021 | -11.11% |
| 2020 | -89.55% |
| 2019 | 809.24% |
| 2018 | -96.33% |
| 2017 | 0.00% |
| 2016 | 0.00% |