TOAGFTOAGFOTC
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Research and development spending
Latest
$0.00
↓ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P0
Near historical low
Average
$3.31B
Historical baseline
| Period | Value | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $0.00 | - |
| 2024 | $0.00 | -100.0% |
| 2023 | $5.04B | +6.1% |
| 2022 | $4.75B | +8.1% |
| 2021 | $4.39B | +8.8% |
| 2020 | $4.04B | +8.2% |
| 2019 | $3.73B | +1.2% |
| 2018 | $3.69B | -2.9% |
| 2017 | $3.79B | +2.8% |
| 2016 | $3.69B | - |