VIPIND.BOVIPIND.BOBSE
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Year-over-year research & development expense growth
Latest
0.00%
↑ 100% vs avg
Percentile
P43
Within normal range
Average
-9.92%
Historical baseline
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.00% |
| 2024 | 0.00% |
| 2023 | -100.00% |
| 2022 | 23.08% |
| 2021 | -1.52% |
| 2020 | 13.79% |
| 2019 | 46.84% |
| 2018 | -24.76% |
| 2017 | -24.46% |
| 2016 | -32.20% |