U.S. Treasury Holdings
Who owns the U.S. federal debt. Foreign holdings as of Dec-2025.
Published monthly, about two months behind; we re-read it at most every 30 daysSource: U.S. Treasury (Treasury International Capital system)About this data
Who owns the U.S. federal debt?
Foreign holders
36 countries and regions · $8.56T total| Rank | Country / region | Holdings | Share of foreign |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | $1.19T | 13.9% |
| 2 | United Kingdom | $863.1B | 10.1% |
| 3 | China, Mainland | $684.4B | 8.0% |
| 4 | Belgium | $477.3B | 5.6% |
| 5 | Canada | $468.3B | 5.5% |
| 6 | Luxembourg | $434.0B | 5.1% |
| 7 | Cayman Islands | $421.6B | 4.9% |
| 8 | France | $368.9B | 4.3% |
| 9 | Ireland | $341.0B | 4.0% |
| 10 | Taiwan | $310.6B | 3.6% |
| 11 | Switzerland | $294.1B | 3.4% |
| 12 | Singapore | $278.4B | 3.3% |
| 13 | Hong Kong | $268.4B | 3.1% |
| 14 | Norway | $208.1B | 2.4% |
| 15 | India | $182.9B | 2.1% |
| 16 | Brazil | $168.7B | 2.0% |
| 17 | Saudi Arabia | $149.5B | 1.7% |
| 18 | Korea, South | $140.6B | 1.6% |
| 19 | Israel | $105.7B | 1.2% |
| 20 | Germany | $103.1B | 1.2% |
| 21 | Bermuda | $101.4B | 1.2% |
| 22 | United Arab Emirates | $95.7B | 1.1% |
| 23 | El Salvador | $93.8B | 1.1% |
| 24 | Mexico | $85.4B | 1.0% |
| 25 | Thailand | $82.8B | 1.0% |
| 26 | Spain | $73.6B | 0.9% |
| 27 | Australia | $72.3B | 0.8% |
| 28 | Netherlands | $70.0B | 0.8% |
| 29 | Kuwait | $66.1B | 0.8% |
| 30 | Italy | $62.1B | 0.7% |
| 31 | Philippines | $62.0B | 0.7% |
| 32 | Poland | $60.5B | 0.7% |
| 33 | Sweden | $50.1B | 0.6% |
| 34 | Peru | $45.1B | 0.5% |
| 35 | Colombia | $44.2B | 0.5% |
| 36 | Chile | $39.6B | 0.5% |
Sources: U.S. Department of the Treasury (TIC System for foreign holdings, Fiscal Data for total debt), Federal Reserve (Fed balance sheet and Financial Accounts of the United States)
Update Frequency: Foreign holdings: Monthly (~15th of each month). Total debt: Daily. Detailed breakdown: Quarterly.
Data Limitation: Foreign holdings based on custody location, not beneficial ownership. Actual ownership may differ due to third-party custodians.
Official Data: Treasury Fiscal Data · TIC Table 5